Seneca tribe tools were very important to their way of life, they were used for hunting, cooking, building, and protection. You’ll also love my page Native American Unit Study for Kids Who Love Hands-on Learning.
The Seneca Tribe lived in what is now western New York, an area rich in forests, rivers, and wildlife. Known as the “Keepers of the Western Door” of the Iroquois Confederacy, the Seneca played an important role in protecting their territory and trade routes.
As one of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, the Seneca Tribe created tools that allowed them to hunt, farm, build shelters, and protect their communities.
In order to survive, Native Americans needed tools that were durable, easy to repair, made from materials found in nature, and every tool needed to have a purpose. Each item was crafted with care and experience. It was passed down through generations.
Today, we will explore traditional Seneca tools, especially arrowheads, and then create a safe replica arrowhead using craft foam to help children connect history with hands-on learning.
BOOKS ABOUT THE SENECA FOR KIDS
First, look at these books about the Seneca.
5 Seneca Books for Kids Who Love to Read and Be Read To
Grab some of these books about the Seneca to add to your reading list or to a unit study.
In this classic frontier adventure, Lois Lenski reconstructs the real-life story of Mary Jemison, who was captured in a raid as young girl and raised among the Seneca Indians.
Meticulously researched and illustrated with many detailed drawings, this Newbery Honor novel is an unforgettable tale.
Twelve-year-old Mary Jemison took for granted her peaceful days on her family's farm in eastern Pennsylvania. But on a spring day in 1758, something happened that changed her life forever.
When a band of warriors invades the Jemisons' house and takes the family captive, Mary is separated from her parents and siblings. She travels with the Indians to southern Ohio and later to a Seneca village on the Genesee River in
what is now western New York.
Although Jeannie loves her lakeside neighborhood, her feelings are hurt by her schoolmates who live in fancier homes and call her a Lake Rat.
When she confides her troubles to her grandfather, he tells her about his own childhood experiences with teasing. As the story unfolds, the grandfather shares a traditional Seneca story that helps Jeannie to find strength in her Native identity and a new appreciation for the different roles that animals play in nature. This is a quiet book that celebrates family and place and the teachings of Native people. Muskrat Will Be Swimming is based on a real incident in Cheryl Savageau's life.
This classic work of local history tells the story of the Seneca people of western New York, from their ancient origins to the present day. Arch Merrill's engaging prose and vivid descriptions of Seneca life, culture, and traditions make this book an essential resource for anyone interested in the history of upstate New York and its Native American peoples.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.
This is the story of the famous and controversial Seneca chief and orator Red Jacket (Sagoyewatha, ca. 1750–1830), whose passionate and articulate defense of the old ways won the admiration of many but also earned him the enmity of Chiefs Joseph Brant and Cornplanter. Red Jacket received a medal from George Washington as a token of friendship. He is remembered as a vocal and persistent opponent of foreign encroachment on the Iroquois, protesting bitterly against the sale of tribal lands and involvement in European-American disputes, missionary activities, and various efforts to “civilize” the Iroquois.
Turtle lives in a beautiful little pond with everything a happy turtle needs. But one spring, Turtle awakes from hibernation to discover that her lovely home has been invaded! A pushy beaver takes over Turtle's beloved pond and refuses to share. Instead, he challenges her to a race to determine who can stay. But how can a little turtle outswim a big, powerful beaver? This charming fable of brains versus brawn is a great read for all the young readers in the forest to share!
Then, Seneca tools were essential for hunting, farming, cooking, and building.
SENECA TRIBE TOOLS AND DAILY LIFE
Tools were made from stone, bone, wood, and animal sinew.
COMMON SENECA TOOLS
- Stone arrowheads and spear points for hunting deer, turkey, and small game
- Bows and arrows made from flexible wood and plant fibers
- And stone scrapers were used to clean animal hides
- Axes and adzes for cutting wood and shaping canoes
- Bone needles and awls for sewing clothing
These tools allowed the Seneca people to live sustainably, using every part of the animals they hunted and respecting the land that provided for them.
ARROWHEADS
Arrowheads were one of the most important survival tools of the Seneca Tribe. They were carefully shaped from stone such as chert or flint using a process called knapping. Knapping is stone is chipped into sharp edges.
Arrowheads were used for hunting food, protecting the village, and trading with neighboring tribes.
Each arrowhead required patience, skill, and practice to make. A well-made arrowhead could mean the difference between eating and going hungry.
Not all arrowheads were shaped the same, and the notches were not decorative; they served important purposes. Seneca arrowheads were notched in different ways depending on how the arrow would be used and how it needed to be attached to the shaft.
Wider notches were often used for hunting larger game, while narrower or side-notched designs worked well for small game and fast-moving targets.
Certain notch patterns reflected regional traditions or time periods. Archaeologists can often identify where and when an arrowhead was made by its notch style.
- Side-notched: Notches on each side near the base
- Corner-notched: Small notches at the corners
- Stemmed: A narrow stem used for binding
Arrowheads were often made out of bone, volcanic glass, Flint, jasper, slate, and obsidian. The more exotic arrowheads were made out of jasper, petrified wood, and other materials.
SENECA TRIBE TOOLS EXTENSION IDEAS
- For an amazing diorama, you can grab this set that comes with almost everything you need to recreate a Native American scene.
- Map where the Seneca lived. They were found near the Finger Lakes and Genesee Valley regions of Western New York, between Seneca Lake and the Genesee River.
- Learn The Art of Seneca Tribe Crafts: How to Make Easy Moccasins for another fun hands-on idea.
- Compare arrowheads from different tribes. You can also order some beautiful replica arrowheads to examine and explore throughout your study.
- How To Make An Iroquois Longhouse, the Seneca people lived in Longhouses rather than teepees.
- How to Make a 5 Arrows Craft | Iroquois Confederacy Facts
- Visit a museum (in person or virtual) with Native American artifacts from your area.
- Learn how to Make Corn Husk Dolls, a simple and popular toy of many tribes.
- Younger children will enjoy this LEGO-stamped Indian Corn craft, a basic staple of many tribes’ diets.
ARROWHEAD CRAFT
Instead of using real stone, we can create a safe replica arrowhead using foam. This allows us to explore shape, design, and function without danger.
You will need:
- Carvable foam
- Pencil
- Scissors, knife, or box cutter
First, draw an arrowhead shape on the craft foam. Arrowheads have a pointed tip, a wide center, and different notches near the base depending on their use.
Green florist wet foam works very well for carving, but it is quite messy and leaves a lot of dust behind. Once you brush it off and paint it, it holds together much better.
Use the edge of scissors or a knife to chip away at the foam and carve out the arrowhead shape. Be sure to leave notches all over it instead of smoothing it out so it looks like authentic arrowheads.
Once it’s carved, paint it. Choose whatever color you would like, based on what material you imagine it is made from.
Using two or more colors gives you a more natural and realistic look. Allow the paint to dry and then put them on display.
